辞書 (Jisho, Dictionary)

I am nowhere near fluent, but I am having fun learning the language. Here are words and phrases I commonly used on my trip. They are grouped by parts of speech but are otherwise listed in order of when I added them to my dictionary.

I have grouped my dictionary in the following categories:

  • Adjectives
  • People
  • Places
  • Objects
  • Phrases
  • Days
  • Counting
  • Verbs
  • Particles

The Romaji column shows you how to pronounce it. Don’t worry too much about learning the words. Just reading through the words in my dictionary in English is a fun exploration in itself to know my commonly used words!

Adjectives

I found myself using adjectives a lot as complete thoughts. That tracks with how the Japanese language works. The context of the object is clear because I am referring to it. So, instead of saying パンは熱い (Pan wa atsui, the bread is hot). I can just say 熱い (atsui, hot)!

AdjectivesRomajiJapanese
deliciousoishi美味しい
delicious (cool guy way to say it)umaうまー
soursuppai酸っぱい
sweetamai甘い
spicytsurai辛い
hotatsuiあつい
coldsamui寒い
goodiiいい
badwarui悪い
beautifulkireiきれい
sleepynemui眠い
hungryonakagasuitaお腹がすいた
cutekawaīかわいい
amazingsugoiすごい
expensivetakai高い
cheapyasui安い
bigŌkī大きい
smallchīsai小さい
happyureshii嬉しい
cool!kakkoīかっこいい
awesome/the bestsaikooさいこー
crunchykarikariかりかり
crispysaku sakuさくさく
richO kanemochiお金持ち
without___ nuki抜き
nostalgicnatsukashi懐かし
similarNite iru似ている
differentChigau違う
confusingKonran suru混乱する
lateratode後で
Lots of ___Takusan no ___たくさんの
very ___ – osaka dialectmecha ___めっちゃ
really ___ – osaka dialect. a little more than mecha but they could also be used interchangeablyhomani ___ほまに
verytotemoとても
very delicioustotemo oishīとても美味しい
fluffy (food)fuwafuwaふわふわ
fluffy (item)mofumofuもふもふ
kindyasashii易し
a lotippaiいっぱい
castle suffix-jo
fish suffix-uoうお

People

PeopleRomajiJapanese
whodare
youanataあなた
I/mewatashi
friendtomodachi友達
teachersensei友達
familykazuko家族
fatherotōsanお父さん
motherokāsanお母さん
grandfatherojīsanお爺さん/お祖父さん
grandmotheronēsanお姉さん
older brotheronī sanお兄さん
younger brotherotōto san弟さん
older sisteronē sanお姉さん
younger sisterimōto san妹さん
himkare
babyakachan赤ちゃん

Answers

AnswersRomajiJapanese
yeshaiはい
noiieいいえ
maybetabun多分
a littlesukoshisukoshi
sometimestokidoki時々
right/correcttadashī正しい
wrongmachigatte間違って

Places

PlacesRomajiJapanese
TokyoTōkyō東京
OsakaŌsaka大阪
wheredokoどこ
herekokoここ
theresokoそこ
over thereasokoあそこ
templetera
shrinejinja神社
homeIe
castleshiro
restaurantresutoranレストラン
toilettoireトイレ
barバー
bullet trainshinkansen新幹線
busbasuバス
stationeki
bus stationbasuteiバス停
airportkūkō空港
shopya
bakerypan’yaパンや
vegetable storeyasai-ya野菜屋
entranceiriguchi入口
exitdeguchi出口

Objects

ObjectsRomajiJapanese
whatnani
this onekoreこれ
that onesoreそれ
that one over thereareあれ
smartphonesumātofonスマートフォン
ticket (train)kippuきっぷ
ticket (concert)chikettoチケット
moneyokaneお金
cardkādoカード
bag (purse)kabanかばん
passportpasupōtoパスポート
mochimochi
beerbīruビール
coffeekōhīコーヒー
teaochaお茶
breadpanパン
vegetableyasai野菜
fishsakana
presentspurezentoプレゼント
recommendationsuisen推薦
flavoraji
clothingirui衣類
moontsuki
breakfastasa gohan朝御飯
lunchhiru gohan昼ご飯
dinnerban gohan晩ご飯
minutebun
hourjikan時間
dayhi
monthgatsuがつ
yeartoshi
directionhōkō方向
lefthidari
rightmigi
dictionaryjisho辞書
haircuthea kattoヘアカット
useful gadgetsbenrina gajetto便利なガジェット
cold teatsumetai ocha冷たい お茶
mealmeshi
100 yen storehyakuenshoppu百円ショップ
pictureshashin写真
videobideoビデオ
thing (turns a word into a noun)monoもの
foodtabemono食べ物
EnglishEigo英語
JapaneseNihongo日本語

Phrases

My favorite section of my dictionary. It shows the most personality and history of the trip.

PhrasesRomajiJapanese
Where is it?Doko desukaどこ ですか
Who are you?Anata wa daredesukaあなたは誰ですか
You are my friendAnata wa watashinotomodachidesuあなたは私の友達です
What is it?Sore wa nan desuka.それは何ですか
which onedoreどれ
It is ___.Sore wa ___ desu.それは___です
Where is the toilet?Toire wa doko desu kaトイレはどこですか
I’m Americanamerikajin desuアメリカ人です
I live in ChicagoShikago ni sunde imasuシカゴに住んでいます
Long time no seeHisashiburi久しぶり
It’s nice to meet youDouzo yoroshikuどうぞよろしく
I missed youAitakatta会いたかった
Sleep wellYoku nemuruよく眠る
Good morningOhayōおはよう
Good afternoonKon’nichiwaこんにちは
Good nightOyasumiおやすみ
Good night (formal)Oyasumi nasaiお休み なさい
It’s on me. (Offer to pay)Koko wa watashi ga.個々 和 ワタシ が。
Thank you for the meal.Gochisōsamaごちそうさま
Thank youArigatoありがとう
Thank you (formal)Arigato gozaimasuありがと ございます
Thank you – Osaka dialectŌkiniおおきに
I’ll be backittekimasu行ってきます
Take careitterasshaiいってらっしゃい
I’m hometadaimaただいま
Wecome back homeokaeri (nasai)おかえり(なさい)
See youmata neまたね
Do you understand?wakarimasu ka分かりますか
I understandwakarimasu分かります
I don’t know. / I don’t understandwakarimasen分かりません
One more time pleasemouichido onegaishimasuもう一度お願いします
slowlyyukkuriゆっくり
Excuse me. / I’m sorry.Sumimasen.すみません
I’m sorry, please forgive meGomen nasai.ごめん なさい
How much is the cost?Ikura desukaいくら ですか
Do you have ___?___ wa arimasu ka?___ わ あります か
Is it okay?Daijōbudesuka大丈夫ですか
It’s okay.Daijōbudesu大丈夫です
How are youGenkidesu ka?元気ですか
I am goodGenkidesu元気です
Agreeingそう
Exactly!sō sōそうそう
That’s right!sō desuそうです
Make yourself at home.Goyukkuriごゆっくり
Can I have a little bit?chotto iiちょっと いい
Is it ok? should I be spoiled?Amae chaou ka na甘えちゃおうかな
I will be spoiledamae masu甘え マス
It feels goodKimochīi気持ちいい
I’m comfortable in my environmentKokochi ī心地いい
weather feels crisp (comfortable cold)suzushii涼しい
to be good at finding quality thingsome ga tacaiおめ が 高い
I’m going to take a napHiru ne shimasuひるねします
Let’s go / Shall we go?Ikou ka行こうか
Have a nice dayYoi ichi-nichi o.良い1日を。
Take care / Be carefulKiwotsukete気をつけて
Oh you’re cute! – Osaka dialectKawairashī na可愛らしいな
Why? (joking) -osaka dialectNandeya nen.なんでやねん。
a bundle of refrain, not taking the last bite because wanting to offer it to everyone elseEnryo no katamari遠慮の塊。
empty stomach/ I’m hungryonaka suitaお腹 空いた
full stomach / I’m fullonaka ippaiお腹 いっぱい
do you want to trytabete miru食べて 見る
you’re welcomedou itashi mashiteどう いたし まして
Good jobotsukaresamaお疲れ様
are you sure that much?hōmani?ほまに?
are you sure?homa?ほま?
put it backoi toi teおい とい て
see you tomorrowmata ashita neまた 明日 ね
only love, first loveichizu一途
let’s go to eatmeshi iku飯 行く
before it gets coldatsui uchi ni暑い うち に
Do you like ___?Sukidesuka好きですか
I like ___.___ sukidesu___ 好きです
I like it.Sukidesu好きです
I like it a lot.Daisukidesu大好きです
To politely refuse indirectlyChotto…ちょっと…
wait a minutechottomateちょっと待って
enthusiastic agreement/absolutely!zehiぜひ
to want to do ______-tai___-たい
to want a thing___ ga hoshii.___が欲しい
What do you recommend?Osusume wa nandesukaおすすめは何ですか
What is this?kore wa nan desukaこれは何ですか
is there ___?___ wa arimasuka.___ はありますか
there is ______ ga arimasu.___ はあります
there was ______ ga arimashita.___ はありました
there was not ______ wa arimasen.___ はありません
growing (There’s a cute kids game with actions like bamboo growing.)nyokinyokiにょきにょき
Excuse me, may I take a picture?Sumimasen, shashin o totte mo ii desu kaすみません、写真を撮ってもいいですか
Check pleaseO kaikei onegaishimasuお会計お願いします
we have arrived (present)tsukuつく
we have arrived (past)tsuitaついた
Here you are. / Go ahead.dozo熱い

Days

I got yesterday, today, and tomorrow down pretty well, but I am still working on the days of the week.

DaysRomajiJapanese
yesterdaykinō昨日
todaykyō今日
tomorrowashita明日
morningasagohan
afternoongogo午後
eveningyūgata夕方
nightyoru
sundaynichiyōbi日曜日
mondaygetsuyōbi月曜日
tuesdaykayōbi火曜日
wednesdaysuiyōbi水曜日
thursdaymokuyōbi木曜日
fridaykin’yōbi金曜日
saturdaydoyōbi土曜日
every daymainichi毎日

Counting

Counting in Japanese is so confusing. Eventually I will be good at this, but defaulting to just the number will always be understood, even if it is not totally correct. A few times, I did say 一人 (hitori), one person, when I was dining alone. The numbers stack pretty well, so if you wanted to say 55, you would say 五十五 (gojūgo) which is 5 tens and 5.

CountingNumberGeneral countingSmall round object (apple)PersonLong object (bottle, tree)Flat thin oject (coin)RankingChopsticks
1ichi 一hitotsu 一つikko (一個)hitori (一人)ippon (一本)ichimai (一枚)Ichiban (一番)ichizen (一膳)
2ni 二futatsu 二つniko (二個)futari (二人)nihon (二本)nimai (二枚)Niban (二番)nizen (二膳)
3san 三mittsu 三つsanko (三個)san-nin (三人)sanbon (三本)sanmai (三枚)Sanban (三番)
4shi 四yottsu 四つyonko (四個)yon-nin (四人)yonhon (四本)yonmai (四枚)Yonban (四番)
5go 五itsutsu 五つgoko (五個)go-nin (五人)go-hon (五本)gomai (五枚)Goban (五番)
6roku 六muttsu 三つrokko (六個)roku-nin (六人)roppon (六本)rokumai (六枚)Rokuban (六番)
7shichi 七nanatsu 七つnanako (七個)shichi-nin (七人)nanahon (七本)nanamai (七枚)Nanaban (七番)
8hachi 八yatsu 八つhakko (八個)hachi-nin (八人)happon (八本)hachimai (八枚)Hachiban (八番)
9kyuu 九kokonotsu 九つkyuuko (九個)kyuu-nin (九人)kyūhon (九本)kyumai (九枚)Kyūban (九番)
10jyuu 十too とおjukko (十個)juu-nin (十人)juppon (十本)juumai (十枚)Jūban (十番)
100hyaku 百
1,000sen 千
10,000man 万

Verbs

Verbs follow a common standard that lets you know if it did or didn’t happen and when. For exampe, any verb ending in -masu means it is happening and any verb ending in -masen means it isn’t happening. I love the structure. (These are definitely the formal/polite versions of these, next time I will have a better handle on the informal structure of verbs.

to be (to exist)to goto eatto drinkto understandto shop
positiveあります
arimasu
行きます
ikimasu
食べます
tabemasu
飲みます
nomimasu
わかります
wakarimasu
買います
kaimasu
negativeありません
arimasen
行きません
ikimasen
食べませんtabemasen飲みません
nomimasen
わかりません
wakarimasen
買いません
kaimasen
positive pastありました
arimashita
行きました
ikimashita
食べました
tabemashita
飲みました
nomimashita
わかりました
wakarimashita
買いましたkaimashita
negative pastありません でしたarimasen deshita行きません でした
ikimasen deshita
食べません でした
tabemasenmasen deshita
飲みません でした
nomimasen deshita
わかりません でした
wakarimasen deshita
買いません でした
kaimasen deshita
questionありますか
arimasuka
行きますか
ikimasuka
食べますか
tabemasuka
飲みますか
nomimasuka
わかりますか
wakarimasuka
買いますか
kaimasuka
let’s行きましょう
ikimashou
食べましょう
tabemashou
飲みましょう
nomimashou
買いましょう
kaimashou
noun食べ物
tabemono
飲み物
nomimono
買い物
kaimono

Particles

ParticlesRomajiJapaneseFormation
marks the topic of the sentencewa[ A ] wa [ B ] desu.
marks the object when it is the subject of the sentencega___ ga ___.
___’s (indicates posession)noObject1 + の + Object2
too / alsomo[Object1] は [property1/action1] です
[Object2] も [property1/action1] です.
andtoNoun + to (と) + Noun
indicates location/method of actiondelocation + de (で)
indicates direction of movementniplace + ni (に)
marks the source of an actionkaraからNoun + kara (から)
“isn’t that right” at the end of a sentenceneEnd of the sentence + ne (ね)

If you read this far, あなたは最高です! (Anata wa saikōdesu, You are the best!) ♡(˶ᵔ ᵕ ᵔ˶)♡

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