I am nowhere near fluent, but I am having fun learning the language. Here are words and phrases I commonly used on my trip. They are grouped by parts of speech but are otherwise listed in order of when I added them to my dictionary.
I have grouped my dictionary in the following categories:
- Adjectives
- People
- Places
- Objects
- Phrases
- Days
- Counting
- Verbs
- Particles
The Romaji column shows you how to pronounce it. Don’t worry too much about learning the words. Just reading through the words in my dictionary in English is a fun exploration in itself to know my commonly used words!
Adjectives
I found myself using adjectives a lot as complete thoughts. That tracks with how the Japanese language works. The context of the object is clear because I am referring to it. So, instead of saying パンは熱い (Pan wa atsui, the bread is hot). I can just say 熱い (atsui, hot)!
| Adjectives | Romaji | Japanese |
| delicious | oishi | 美味しい |
| delicious (cool guy way to say it) | uma | うまー |
| sour | suppai | 酸っぱい |
| sweet | amai | 甘い |
| spicy | tsurai | 辛い |
| hot | atsui | あつい |
| cold | samui | 寒い |
| good | ii | いい |
| bad | warui | 悪い |
| beautiful | kirei | きれい |
| sleepy | nemui | 眠い |
| hungry | onakagasuita | お腹がすいた |
| cute | kawaī | かわいい |
| amazing | sugoi | すごい |
| expensive | takai | 高い |
| cheap | yasui | 安い |
| big | Ōkī | 大きい |
| small | chīsai | 小さい |
| happy | ureshii | 嬉しい |
| cool! | kakkoī | かっこいい |
| awesome/the best | saikoo | さいこー |
| crunchy | karikari | かりかり |
| crispy | saku saku | さくさく |
| rich | O kanemochi | お金持ち |
| without | ___ nuki | 抜き |
| nostalgic | natsukashi | 懐かし |
| similar | Nite iru | 似ている |
| different | Chigau | 違う |
| confusing | Konran suru | 混乱する |
| later | atode | 後で |
| Lots of ___ | Takusan no ___ | たくさんの |
| very ___ – osaka dialect | mecha ___ | めっちゃ |
| really ___ – osaka dialect. a little more than mecha but they could also be used interchangeably | homani ___ | ほまに |
| very | totemo | とても |
| very delicious | totemo oishī | とても美味しい |
| fluffy (food) | fuwafuwa | ふわふわ |
| fluffy (item) | mofumofu | もふもふ |
| kind | yasashii | 易し |
| a lot | ippai | いっぱい |
| castle suffix | -jo | 城 |
| fish suffix | -uo | うお |
People
| People | Romaji | Japanese |
| who | dare | 誰 |
| you | anata | あなた |
| I/me | watashi | 私 |
| friend | tomodachi | 友達 |
| teacher | sensei | 友達 |
| family | kazuko | 家族 |
| father | otōsan | お父さん |
| mother | okāsan | お母さん |
| grandfather | ojīsan | お爺さん/お祖父さん |
| grandmother | onēsan | お姉さん |
| older brother | onī san | お兄さん |
| younger brother | otōto san | 弟さん |
| older sister | onē san | お姉さん |
| younger sister | imōto san | 妹さん |
| him | kare | 彼 |
| baby | akachan | 赤ちゃん |
Answers
| Answers | Romaji | Japanese |
| yes | hai | はい |
| no | iie | いいえ |
| maybe | tabun | 多分 |
| a little | sukoshi | sukoshi |
| sometimes | tokidoki | 時々 |
| right/correct | tadashī | 正しい |
| wrong | machigatte | 間違って |
Places
| Places | Romaji | Japanese |
| Tokyo | Tōkyō | 東京 |
| Osaka | Ōsaka | 大阪 |
| where | doko | どこ |
| here | koko | ここ |
| there | soko | そこ |
| over there | asoko | あそこ |
| temple | tera | 寺 |
| shrine | jinja | 神社 |
| home | Ie | 家 |
| castle | shiro | 城 |
| restaurant | resutoran | レストラン |
| toilet | toire | トイレ |
| bar | bā | バー |
| bullet train | shinkansen | 新幹線 |
| bus | basu | バス |
| station | eki | 駅 |
| bus station | basutei | バス停 |
| airport | kūkō | 空港 |
| shop | ya | や |
| bakery | pan’ya | パンや |
| vegetable store | yasai-ya | 野菜屋 |
| entrance | iriguchi | 入口 |
| exit | deguchi | 出口 |
Objects
| Objects | Romaji | Japanese |
| what | nani | 何 |
| this one | kore | これ |
| that one | sore | それ |
| that one over there | are | あれ |
| smartphone | sumātofon | スマートフォン |
| ticket (train) | kippu | きっぷ |
| ticket (concert) | chiketto | チケット |
| money | okane | お金 |
| card | kādo | カード |
| bag (purse) | kaban | かばん |
| passport | pasupōto | パスポート |
| mochi | mochi | 餅 |
| beer | bīru | ビール |
| coffee | kōhī | コーヒー |
| tea | ocha | お茶 |
| bread | pan | パン |
| vegetable | yasai | 野菜 |
| fish | sakana | 魚 |
| presents | purezento | プレゼント |
| recommendation | suisen | 推薦 |
| flavor | aji | 味 |
| clothing | irui | 衣類 |
| moon | tsuki | 月 |
| breakfast | asa gohan | 朝御飯 |
| lunch | hiru gohan | 昼ご飯 |
| dinner | ban gohan | 晩ご飯 |
| minute | bun | 分 |
| hour | jikan | 時間 |
| day | hi | 日 |
| month | gatsu | がつ |
| year | toshi | 年 |
| direction | hōkō | 方向 |
| left | hidari | 左 |
| right | migi | 右 |
| dictionary | jisho | 辞書 |
| haircut | hea katto | ヘアカット |
| useful gadgets | benrina gajetto | 便利なガジェット |
| cold tea | tsumetai ocha | 冷たい お茶 |
| meal | meshi | 飯 |
| 100 yen store | hyakuenshoppu | 百円ショップ |
| picture | shashin | 写真 |
| video | bideo | ビデオ |
| thing (turns a word into a noun) | mono | もの |
| food | tabemono | 食べ物 |
| English | Eigo | 英語 |
| Japanese | Nihongo | 日本語 |
Phrases
My favorite section of my dictionary. It shows the most personality and history of the trip.
| Phrases | Romaji | Japanese |
| Where is it? | Doko desuka | どこ ですか |
| Who are you? | Anata wa daredesuka | あなたは誰ですか |
| You are my friend | Anata wa watashinotomodachidesu | あなたは私の友達です |
| What is it? | Sore wa nan desuka. | それは何ですか |
| which one | dore | どれ |
| It is ___. | Sore wa ___ desu. | それは___です |
| Where is the toilet? | Toire wa doko desu ka | トイレはどこですか |
| I’m American | amerikajin desu | アメリカ人です |
| I live in Chicago | Shikago ni sunde imasu | シカゴに住んでいます |
| Long time no see | Hisashiburi | 久しぶり |
| It’s nice to meet you | Douzo yoroshiku | どうぞよろしく |
| I missed you | Aitakatta | 会いたかった |
| Sleep well | Yoku nemuru | よく眠る |
| Good morning | Ohayō | おはよう |
| Good afternoon | Kon’nichiwa | こんにちは |
| Good night | Oyasumi | おやすみ |
| Good night (formal) | Oyasumi nasai | お休み なさい |
| It’s on me. (Offer to pay) | Koko wa watashi ga. | 個々 和 ワタシ が。 |
| Thank you for the meal. | Gochisōsama | ごちそうさま |
| Thank you | Arigato | ありがとう |
| Thank you (formal) | Arigato gozaimasu | ありがと ございます |
| Thank you – Osaka dialect | Ōkini | おおきに |
| I’ll be back | ittekimasu | 行ってきます |
| Take care | itterasshai | いってらっしゃい |
| I’m home | tadaima | ただいま |
| Wecome back home | okaeri (nasai) | おかえり(なさい) |
| See you | mata ne | またね |
| Do you understand? | wakarimasu ka | 分かりますか |
| I understand | wakarimasu | 分かります |
| I don’t know. / I don’t understand | wakarimasen | 分かりません |
| One more time please | mouichido onegaishimasu | もう一度お願いします |
| slowly | yukkuri | ゆっくり |
| Excuse me. / I’m sorry. | Sumimasen. | すみません |
| I’m sorry, please forgive me | Gomen nasai. | ごめん なさい |
| How much is the cost? | Ikura desuka | いくら ですか |
| Do you have ___? | ___ wa arimasu ka? | ___ わ あります か |
| Is it okay? | Daijōbudesuka | 大丈夫ですか |
| It’s okay. | Daijōbudesu | 大丈夫です |
| How are you | Genkidesu ka? | 元気ですか |
| I am good | Genkidesu | 元気です |
| Agreeing | sō | そう |
| Exactly! | sō sō | そうそう |
| That’s right! | sō desu | そうです |
| Make yourself at home. | Goyukkuri | ごゆっくり |
| Can I have a little bit? | chotto ii | ちょっと いい |
| Is it ok? should I be spoiled? | Amae chaou ka na | 甘えちゃおうかな |
| I will be spoiled | amae masu | 甘え マス |
| It feels good | Kimochīi | 気持ちいい |
| I’m comfortable in my environment | Kokochi ī | 心地いい |
| weather feels crisp (comfortable cold) | suzushii | 涼しい |
| to be good at finding quality things | ome ga tacai | おめ が 高い |
| I’m going to take a nap | Hiru ne shimasu | ひるねします |
| Let’s go / Shall we go? | Ikou ka | 行こうか |
| Have a nice day | Yoi ichi-nichi o. | 良い1日を。 |
| Take care / Be careful | Kiwotsukete | 気をつけて |
| Oh you’re cute! – Osaka dialect | Kawairashī na | 可愛らしいな |
| Why? (joking) -osaka dialect | Nandeya nen. | なんでやねん。 |
| a bundle of refrain, not taking the last bite because wanting to offer it to everyone else | Enryo no katamari | 遠慮の塊。 |
| empty stomach/ I’m hungry | onaka suita | お腹 空いた |
| full stomach / I’m full | onaka ippai | お腹 いっぱい |
| do you want to try | tabete miru | 食べて 見る |
| you’re welcome | dou itashi mashite | どう いたし まして |
| Good job | otsukaresama | お疲れ様 |
| are you sure that much? | hōmani? | ほまに? |
| are you sure? | homa? | ほま? |
| put it back | oi toi te | おい とい て |
| see you tomorrow | mata ashita ne | また 明日 ね |
| only love, first love | ichizu | 一途 |
| let’s go to eat | meshi iku | 飯 行く |
| before it gets cold | atsui uchi ni | 暑い うち に |
| Do you like ___? | Sukidesuka | 好きですか |
| I like ___. | ___ sukidesu | ___ 好きです |
| I like it. | Sukidesu | 好きです |
| I like it a lot. | Daisukidesu | 大好きです |
| To politely refuse indirectly | Chotto… | ちょっと… |
| wait a minute | chottomate | ちょっと待って |
| enthusiastic agreement/absolutely! | zehi | ぜひ |
| to want to do ___ | ___-tai | ___-たい |
| to want a thing | ___ ga hoshii. | ___が欲しい |
| What do you recommend? | Osusume wa nandesuka | おすすめは何ですか |
| What is this? | kore wa nan desuka | これは何ですか |
| is there ___? | ___ wa arimasuka. | ___ はありますか |
| there is ___ | ___ ga arimasu. | ___ はあります |
| there was ___ | ___ ga arimashita. | ___ はありました |
| there was not ___ | ___ wa arimasen. | ___ はありません |
| growing (There’s a cute kids game with actions like bamboo growing.) | nyokinyoki | にょきにょき |
| Excuse me, may I take a picture? | Sumimasen, shashin o totte mo ii desu ka | すみません、写真を撮ってもいいですか |
| Check please | O kaikei onegaishimasu | お会計お願いします |
| we have arrived (present) | tsuku | つく |
| we have arrived (past) | tsuita | ついた |
| Here you are. / Go ahead. | dozo | 熱い |
Days
I got yesterday, today, and tomorrow down pretty well, but I am still working on the days of the week.
| Days | Romaji | Japanese |
| yesterday | kinō | 昨日 |
| today | kyō | 今日 |
| tomorrow | ashita | 明日 |
| morning | asagohan | 朝 |
| afternoon | gogo | 午後 |
| evening | yūgata | 夕方 |
| night | yoru | 夜 |
| sunday | nichiyōbi | 日曜日 |
| monday | getsuyōbi | 月曜日 |
| tuesday | kayōbi | 火曜日 |
| wednesday | suiyōbi | 水曜日 |
| thursday | mokuyōbi | 木曜日 |
| friday | kin’yōbi | 金曜日 |
| saturday | doyōbi | 土曜日 |
| every day | mainichi | 毎日 |
Counting
Counting in Japanese is so confusing. Eventually I will be good at this, but defaulting to just the number will always be understood, even if it is not totally correct. A few times, I did say 一人 (hitori), one person, when I was dining alone. The numbers stack pretty well, so if you wanted to say 55, you would say 五十五 (gojūgo) which is 5 tens and 5.
| Counting | Number | General counting | Small round object (apple) | Person | Long object (bottle, tree) | Flat thin oject (coin) | Ranking | Chopsticks |
| 1 | ichi 一 | hitotsu 一つ | ikko (一個) | hitori (一人) | ippon (一本) | ichimai (一枚) | Ichiban (一番) | ichizen (一膳) |
| 2 | ni 二 | futatsu 二つ | niko (二個) | futari (二人) | nihon (二本) | nimai (二枚) | Niban (二番) | nizen (二膳) |
| 3 | san 三 | mittsu 三つ | sanko (三個) | san-nin (三人) | sanbon (三本) | sanmai (三枚) | Sanban (三番) | |
| 4 | shi 四 | yottsu 四つ | yonko (四個) | yon-nin (四人) | yonhon (四本) | yonmai (四枚) | Yonban (四番) | |
| 5 | go 五 | itsutsu 五つ | goko (五個) | go-nin (五人) | go-hon (五本) | gomai (五枚) | Goban (五番) | |
| 6 | roku 六 | muttsu 三つ | rokko (六個) | roku-nin (六人) | roppon (六本) | rokumai (六枚) | Rokuban (六番) | |
| 7 | shichi 七 | nanatsu 七つ | nanako (七個) | shichi-nin (七人) | nanahon (七本) | nanamai (七枚) | Nanaban (七番) | |
| 8 | hachi 八 | yatsu 八つ | hakko (八個) | hachi-nin (八人) | happon (八本) | hachimai (八枚) | Hachiban (八番) | |
| 9 | kyuu 九 | kokonotsu 九つ | kyuuko (九個) | kyuu-nin (九人) | kyūhon (九本) | kyumai (九枚) | Kyūban (九番) | |
| 10 | jyuu 十 | too とお | jukko (十個) | juu-nin (十人) | juppon (十本) | juumai (十枚) | Jūban (十番) | |
| 100 | hyaku 百 | |||||||
| 1,000 | sen 千 | |||||||
| 10,000 | man 万 |
Verbs
Verbs follow a common standard that lets you know if it did or didn’t happen and when. For exampe, any verb ending in -masu means it is happening and any verb ending in -masen means it isn’t happening. I love the structure. (These are definitely the formal/polite versions of these, next time I will have a better handle on the informal structure of verbs.
| to be (to exist) | to go | to eat | to drink | to understand | to shop | |
| positive | あります arimasu | 行きます ikimasu | 食べます tabemasu | 飲みます nomimasu | わかります wakarimasu | 買います kaimasu |
| negative | ありません arimasen | 行きません ikimasen | 食べませんtabemasen | 飲みません nomimasen | わかりません wakarimasen | 買いません kaimasen |
| positive past | ありました arimashita | 行きました ikimashita | 食べました tabemashita | 飲みました nomimashita | わかりました wakarimashita | 買いましたkaimashita |
| negative past | ありません でしたarimasen deshita | 行きません でした ikimasen deshita | 食べません でした tabemasenmasen deshita | 飲みません でした nomimasen deshita | わかりません でした wakarimasen deshita | 買いません でした kaimasen deshita |
| question | ありますか arimasuka | 行きますか ikimasuka | 食べますか tabemasuka | 飲みますか nomimasuka | わかりますか wakarimasuka | 買いますか kaimasuka |
| let’s | 行きましょう ikimashou | 食べましょう tabemashou | 飲みましょう nomimashou | 買いましょう kaimashou | ||
| noun | 食べ物 tabemono | 飲み物 nomimono | 買い物 kaimono |
Particles
| Particles | Romaji | Japanese | Formation |
| marks the topic of the sentence | wa | は | [ A ] wa [ B ] desu. |
| marks the object when it is the subject of the sentence | ga | が | ___ ga ___. |
| ___’s (indicates posession) | no | の | Object1 + の + Object2 |
| too / also | mo | も | [Object1] は [property1/action1] です [Object2] も [property1/action1] です. |
| and | to | と | Noun + to (と) + Noun |
| indicates location/method of action | de | で | location + de (で) |
| indicates direction of movement | ni | に | place + ni (に) |
| marks the source of an action | kara | から | Noun + kara (から) |
| “isn’t that right” at the end of a sentence | ne | ね | End of the sentence + ne (ね) |
If you read this far, あなたは最高です! (Anata wa saikōdesu, You are the best!) ♡(˶ᵔ ᵕ ᵔ˶)♡
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